Tobacco Use Essay Research Paper Comparative forms free essay sample

Tobacco Use Essay, Research Paper Similar signifiers of baccy utilization In 1492 local Indians were smoking moved up baccy foliages. In the sixteenth century baccy smoking spread to Europe. By the late 1800 baccy tolled in paper called final resting place nails were a significant industry with one million millions being sold every twelvemonth. Today there are numerous stocks that contain baccy. Cigarettes and snuff are the most well known available. Cigarettes comprise of baccy overflowed with archives that are enhanced, and some with channels. Snuff that comprises of meagerly slashed regular baccy air pressed in compartments to chew. Numerous pioneers of the baccy business still can't seem to region that baccy is an irresistible medication. However, in the public arena today it is extremely helpful to purchase baccy. With final resting place nail s an individual can whiff and breathe in their lungs with smoke, and snuff an individual must place in their oral cavities between your underside lip and gum. We will compose a custom exposition test on Tobacco Use Essay Research Paper Comparative structures or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Both are ingested into your circulatory system and can affect your natural structure in various manners. The two uses of baccy make unwritten captured improvement to the clients. Such unwritten captured advancements are so ordering they can harm your natural structure. With casket nails it influences your lungs and pharynx. With snuff it influences your oral pit, gums and pharynx. Both can do awful bre ath. Both can recolor your fingers and teeth the shading yellow. Both can do early maturing. Tobacco smoke can take to dangerous neoplastic sickness in numerous pieces of the natural structure, however non shockingly the vast majority of the mischief it does to the lungs. Biting baccy can take to dangerous neoplastic ailment of the lips and oral hole. Most final resting place nail exhaust would wish to accept they could shield themselves from threatening neoplastic illness simply by using a holder or by trading to channel tipped cigarrettes, stogie or a funnel. Sadly they cant. Biting baccy is far more terrible. The clients of this accept only in light of the fact that they are non breathing in it that they are sheltered as acceptable. They are non. Two picks of baccy utilization you breathe in smoke or chew baccy the impacts are as yet horrible. Both can do disfiguration to the face, pharynx, and lungs. With final resting place nail smoking your pharynx can be gravely harmed with the inside dividers of your pharynx being deprived of its covering. Your lungs start to be loaded up with baccy pitch that will smother your outside breath and can do horrendous hacking. Snuff your oral hole and lower jaw can become dim and will hold to be expelled. Regardless of whether you smoke or bite tobacco both are well long haul unwellness s that lead to reliance. Albeit one can take to expire quicker, the two of them each piece harm your wellbeing and natural structure.

A Comparison of Thinking in A Modest Proposal, Tar Essay Example For Students

A Comparison of Thinking in A Modest Proposal, Tar Essay tuffe, and Candide correlation look at differentiate essaysNew Thinking in A Modest Proposal, Tartuffe, and Candide Three Works Cited Writers use character characteristics and occasions to change the traditional beliefs. Larger part of the essayists center is to change people groups mentalities. Jonathan Swift, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere, Francois-Marie Arquet de Voltaire use portrayal and plot to challenge the topics of the Neo-Classical time frame. In A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift difficulties the Neo-old style period by making a feeling of unsteadiness from their perspective. He assaults the general public via recklessly underwriting human flesh consumption in plans to help Ireland through their monetary emergency. He shows this by unassumingly proposing and guaranteeing that a youthful solid kid, all around breast fed, is, at a year old, a generally delightful, supporting, and healthy food. (Quick, 485) Implying that society ought to eat youngsters shows that the individual (the kid) is viewed as an immaterial individual to society; thusly, isn't esteemed while thinking about a powerful goals to their circumstance. This gives analysis to the Neo-Classical convictions that society is a higher priority than the person. The Neo-Classics rationale and thinking angle is assaulted by Swifts influence that eating a kid is a substantial reaction to help fix their abuse. His presentation plainly expresses that his motivation is for Preventing the Children of destitute People in Ireland, from being a Burden to their Parents or Country, and for making them advantageous to the Publick. (Quick 483) His thinking for the proposition is at last fulfilled through his sound reasoning that obviously has nothing to do with his emotions about the issue. The storyteller than continues to give the crowd defense of his announcement, and in this way endeavoring to challenge the Neo-Classics actuality that rationale and thinking is a higher priority than a people feelings. Confidence in the Neo-Classical time frame is censured through the projectors tone in the proposition. Quick requests the crowd to perceive the storytellers reason having no other thought process than the open great of my nation, by propelling our exchange, accommodating babies, soothing poor people, and giving some delight to the rich. (Quick 489) The speaker hopefully accepts that his thought is generally advantageous. In the event that Swift didn't accept that his thought would not have a positive result he would not have recommended. Notwithstanding Swifts unfeeling proposal, which is negative, he just attempts to uncover the positive of the circumstance. This sentiment of frailty is his method of belittling the Irish and English government. In Tartuffe, Molieres utilizes plot to safeguard and restrict characters that represent and criticize ongoing practices that was forced during the neo-old style timeframe. His work, known as a satire of habits, comprises of level characters, with few and comparative characteristics, and that consistently reestablish a harmony at long last. He down plays society all in all by making a microseism, where everybody in the family must be devoted, deferential, and aware of the leader of the home, which is played by the dad Orgon. Mariane gives her compliance when she answers To satisfy you, sir, is the thing that delights me best. (Moliere 324,11) Shortly a while later, Orgon orders Mariane to accept Tartuffe as her significant other despite the fact that she isn't keen on him by any stretch of the imagination. Orgons order shows how men are overwhelm and have authority over social request. Marianes solid compliance to her dad (Orgon) underpins the Neo-Classical component that the individual isn't as significant as society. Moliere talks about rationale and thinking by blindfolding Orgon to the truth of Tartuffes goals that makes him settle on stupid choices. All the while, Orgon dismisses his family when recounted Tartuffes expectations. After Tartuffe cons Orgon into accepting that Damiss allegation is bogus Orgon answers, I know your thought processes, I now you wish him sick:/Yes, every one of you spouse, youngsters, workers, all/Conspire against him and want his fall. (Moliere 341-342,46-48) Orgon then bans his own child, showing that his thinking is conceded because of his obliviousness. This at the appropriate time difficulties the Neo-Classical conviction that rationale and thinking is a higher priority than feeling on the grounds that Orgon demonstrations exclusively on his feelings. .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced , .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced .postImageUrl , .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced , .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced:hover , .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced:visited , .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced:active { border:0!important; } .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced:active , .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced:hover { obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u559ae1723ff 60fe0ad8f14e41917fced .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u559ae1723ff60fe0ad8f14e41917fced:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: A Raisin In The Sun Essay Racism He feels as though his family has betrayed his companion so he works upon his sentiments. When Damis gets back and Tartuffe (rather than Orgon) gets bolted up, request is reestablished. Toward the end, the family recognizes the official for catching the genuine criminal by saying, Heaven be lauded! /Were sheltered. /I cannot accept the threats past. (Moliere 361, 84-87) This is when Moliere exhibited the regular saying that what occurs in obscurity will in the end go to the light, hence permitting disarray to restore its request. Moliere built up a progression of level characters, which parodied the Neo-Classic conviction framework. In Candide, Voltaires approach is called dark parody. Many destroying factors play into the characters experience that makes the peruser be interested in a negative manner so as to watch their inward sentiments. He challenges society in general by the manner in which he actualizes genuine events into his composition and makes them wake up. This becomes obvious when Dr. Pangloss disclosed to Candide what happened to Cunegonde at the château of Westphalia after he left. Pangloss depicted her as being gutted by the Bulgar fighters, in the wake of having been assaulted to the supreme furthest reaches of human continuance. (Voltaire 524) This makes the creative mind show a distinctive image of the seriousness of the circumstance. Besides he challenges request by showing the human condition. Candides turmoil makes him ask, have they generally been liars, double crossers, thankless rapscallions, hoodlums, weaklings, sneaks, quitters, backbiters, indulgent people, boozers, recluses, climbers, executioners, calumniators, sensualists, aficionados, frauds, and simpletons? (Voltaire 557) There is a progressing war among individuals, and at the same time Candide and the others are endeavoring to keep up. Dr. Pangloss speaks to the idealism that Voltaire challenges. Pangloss show this by saying, it was love; love, the comfort of humankind, the additive of the universe, the spirit of every single delicate being, love, delicate love. (Voltaire 525) He challenges, positive thinking by his portrayal of Dr. Pangloss. Dr. Panglosss dazzle idealistic methodology permits him to disregard the battling that is happening among individuals and he just observes love. Mocking ways to deal with composing were utilized to change the enamored perspective during the late seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years. The Neo-Classic timeframe contributed in the extension of people groups perspective on life. Works Cited Swift, Jonathan. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. A Modest Proposal. W. W; Norton ; Company: New York and London, 2002. 483-489. Moliere, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Fraud. W.W; Norton ; Company: New York and London, 2002. 313-361. Voltaire, Francois-Marie Arquet de Voltaire. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Candide. W. W; Norton ; Company: New York and London, 2002. 520-580.

Two Traveling Angels

Two Traveling Angels Two traveling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family.The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansions guest room. Instead the angels were given a small space in the cold basement.As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied, Things arent always what they seem. The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very hospitable farmer and his wife.After sharing what little food they had the couple let the angels sleep in their bed where they could have a good nights rest. When the sun came up the next morning the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, whose milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field.The younger angel was infuriated and asked the older angel, How could you have let this happen? The first man had everything, yet you helped him. she accused. The second family had little but was willing to share everything, and you let the cow die.Things arent always what they seem. the older angel replied.When we stayed in the basement of the mansion, I noticed there was gold stored in that hole in the wall. Since the owner was so obsessed with greed and unwilling to share his good fortune, I sealed the wall so he wouldnt find it. Then last night as we slept in the farmers bed, the angel of death came for his wife. I gave him the cow instead. Things arent always what they seem.Sometimes that is exactly what happens when things dont turn out the way they should. If you have faith, you just need to trust that every outcome is always to your advantage. You might not know it until some time laterShould you find it hard to get to sleep tonight, remember the homeless family who has no bed to lie in.Should you find yourself stuck in traffic, dont despair, there are people in this world for whom driving is an unheard-of privilege.Should you have a bad day at w ork, think of the man who has been out of work for many months struggling to feed his family.Should you notice a new gray hair in the mirror, think of the cancer patient in chemo who wishes she had hair to examine.Should you find yourself at a loss and pondering what is life all about, asking, What is my purpose?, be thankful, there are those who didnt live long enough to get the opportunity.Author Unknown Submitted by A.Bhatia abhatia146@gmail.com

The Changing Roles of the Reader and Writer in the...

The Changing Roles of the Reader and Writer in the Literature The continuing emergence of innovative writing technologies allows people to express themselves and communicate in countless different ways from years past. With these new technologies comes a change in many of our learning and social traditions. The most important change is the metamorphosis taking place in the online literary world. The line between author and reader has become blurred as more and more technology-driven literature, like hypertext fiction, has become interactive. The whole idea of authorship has changed, which in turn affects the role of the reader. In Writing Space, Jay Bolter further explores the changing roles of the†¦show more content†¦With the new reader/writer roles also comes a change in the idea of what literature actually represents. Bolters states that literature is traditionally viewed as merely a reflection of the author’s world. The new participatory role of the reader therefore changes what the reading represents because the written work becomes its own independent world, constantly moving and changing depending on what path the reader wants to take (Bolter 169). The new technological advancements in literature and writing outlets open limitless possibilities for authors to explore the multi-linear story. However, even though the reader role has become more participatory, some say their role still has limits. Bolter believes that the reader is free to move in the writing space as far as the author lets them (Bolter 68). Author Janet Murray agrees. She views authorship as procedural. This means the author creates the narrative possibilities for the reader to choose from (Murray 152). The reader is limited in that he or she can only â€Å"read† as far as the author decides to write. Even though there may be countless hyperlinks within the hypertexts, all of the words were written by the author. 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India Cements Ltd - An internal environment analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1946 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? INDIA CEMENTS LIMITED- AN INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report analyses how successfully India Cements has been able to leverage its internal environment in order to maintain its No. 1 position in South India. India Cements enjoys a good fraction of the market share of the Indian cement industry. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "India Cements Ltd An internal environment analysis" essay for you Create order The report begins with a brief introduction of the company and its product offerings. It then briefly describes various forces in the internal environment such as Vision and Mission, Value System, Management Structure and Nature, Human Resource, Brand Equity and finally the Performance of the Enterprise. Using financial ratios, the performance of the enterprise has been analysed in the backdrop of the cement industry. The company has been able to perform well despite being in the news lately for the wrong reasons. Although it suffered some shocks which reflected in its stock prices, the company has still been able to perform decently. The vision and mission and the value system of the company are well in sync with each other thus complementing all the activities the company takes up be it the various CSR projects or ownership of the IPL franchisee Chennai Super Kings. The Shareholding pattern of the company shows a strong holding by foreign investors which indicates that there is good confidence in the market for the company. Its HR practices ensure all employees work towards achieving a common goal of creating sustainable value for the company which is in concurrence with the vision of the company. TABLE OF CONTENTS Serial No. Heading Page No. 1 Introduction 4 About India Cements 4 Product Offerings 4 2 Internal Environment 5 Vision and Mission 5 Value System and CSR 5 3 Management Structure and Nature 6 Board of Directors Composition 6 Shareholding Pattern 7 4 Human Resources 7 Recruitment 8 Performance management 8 5 Brand Equity and Image 8 6 Performance of the Enterprise 9 Liquidity Ratios 9 Turnover Ratios 9 7 References 10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Serial No. Illustration Page No. 1 Board of Directors, Composition 6 2 Shareholding Pattern 7 3 India Cements, Key Financial Ratios 9 4 Indian Cement Industry Aggregate Financial Ratios 10 INTRODUCTION About India Cements India Cements Limited, founded by S. N. N. Sankaralinga Iyer in 1946, is the 3rd largest cement manufacturing company in India. It is currently headed by N. Srinivasan, Vice chairman and managing director. Mahendra Singh Dhoni, the ODI Captain of the Indian Cricket team was appointed as the Vice President of India Cements in 2013. ICL has close to 7 cement manufacturing plants in Southern India catering to South Indian and Maharashtrian markets. The capacity of these plants is around 9 million tons per annum. ICL markets its products under the brands Sankar Cement, Coramandel CementandRaasi Gold. Product Offerings The 53 grade cements offered by the company find application in RCC works; concrete roads; runways; multi storied buildings and bridges. The company also offers blended cements for marine structure and plastering finishing works. It also offers sulphate resisting port land cement under the Sankar SRC for underground structures and basements, foundations and piles; sewage and water treatment plants; fertilizers, chemicals and sugar factories; petrochemical projects and food processing industries and coastal area construction works. Its offerings also include ready mix concrete for large, medium and small construction projects, such as dams, bridges, dams and industrial structures. India Cements Ltd. also ownsIndian Premier LeaguesChennaifranchise,Chennai Super Kings. The idea behind owning an IPL team was promoting their brand, and to providing the company with a corporate image of its own. Currently, its market capitalisation stands at Rs.3,432 crore. It has also reported a standalone sales of Rs. 1,131 crore. Net Profit for the quarter ended Sep 2014 were Rs 7.5 crore. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT VISION AND MISSION Vision à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“To create value on a sustained basis for all stakeholders of India Cements through lofty standards of transparency, accountability and responsibility, innova tion and leadership in cement manufacture.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The Vision of India Cements Ltd. shows that the company seeks to create value sustainably for its stakeholders and also be accountable and transparent in their conduct. Mission à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“India Cements will strive to remain a leader in the manufacture of cement and establish itself as a preferred supplier of products and services to its clients and enhance the brand value for all stakeholders. As the organisation grows, as a responsible corporate citizen, India Cements shall be sensitive to the welfare and development needs of the society around it.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The Mission of the company is in line with its vision of creating value for all stakeholders but it also lays emphasis on being responsive to the needs of the society. This can been seen as one of the highly practised value in the company which has given rise to a lot of CSR projects. VALUE SYSTEM AND CSRs The underlying value that has been a part of India Cements since its inception is that of giving back to the society. It is involved in various community developing initiatives such as ENLIVE under which various skill training programmes are organised for youth and women of target villages and VANI-Value Addition and Necessary Improvement in schools under which various educational institutes are run by the company in collaboration with the government. Apart from these, initiatives like using alternative fuels and reduction of power consumption to protect the environment from damage are also a part of India Cementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ value system. Thus the company believes in going beyond cement manufacturing and orienting its activities in a sustainable and environment community friendly way. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AND NATURE Board of Directors Composition The Vice Chairman M.D. Mr. N Srinivasan is the former President of BCCI and the newly elected ICC Chairman. He is also the owner of the IPL fran chisee Chennai Super Kings. He is being investigated in various scams, one of them being betting on IPL cricket matches, where his son-in-law Gurunath Meiyappan has been accused for passing inside information to bookies and has been jailed. Mr. Srinivasan was ordered to resign from the BCCI by the Supreme Court of India due to his ongoing investigations in the betting scam. Immediately after this hearing, the share price of India Cements dropped by 9%. Although financially CSK does not contribute more than 4% to India Cementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ revenue, termination of CSK will definitely impact the company negatively. Chitra Srinivasan and Rupa Gurunath, the Directors of India Cements are N Srinivasanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wife and daughter respectively. Mr. Srinivasan is also an accused in the Jagan Mohan Reddy scam. It was alleged that India Cements invested Rs.140 crore into Jagan Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s businesses in return for the benefits it received from Y.S. Rajasekhara Redd yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s government who is the father of Jagan Mohan Reddy. Shareholding Pattern As can be seen from the above table, about one-third of the total shares of the company are owned by foreign institutions. This portrays a very positive picture of the company as it shows FII confidence in the company is high. The Directors hold only about 5,500 shares out of the total shares of the company which is a very small number. The Promoters stake is around 28% which can be taken as a positive indicator for the company. It shows that the promoters believe in the company. Holding by mutual funds normally indicates how favoured a stock is. In the case of India Cements Ltd, about 5% of stocks are held by mutual funds and NBFCs. HUMAN RESOURCE India Cementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Human Resource philosophy revolves around the concept of making a good organization through good people. Known for its solid focus management, leadership qualities enhancement, team building and enco uragement of workforce to grow along with the organization, it has built a reputed code of conduct with special focus on ethics and corporate governance. It also focusses on training and development in order to ensure its workforce is well-equipped to face any kind of challenges in a competitive environment. It also believes in continuous up gradation of its employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ skills and knowledge. The team of 3200 employees includes engineers, chartered accountants, cost accountants, MBAs, CSs, IT specialists and HR professionals. Recruitment Recruitment in India Cements is a fair and transparent process which involves adequate opportunities to seek good candidates from outside as well as internally. Tests of competence are incorporated at every step to make the recruitment process an objective one. A committee of recruitment handles this entire process of recruitment from applications screening to shortlisting to interviews to final selection. Performance m anagement The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance management system or PMS provides great opportunities and incentives to employees to ensure retention of good talent in the company and to also ensure they are rightfully rewarded. These include incentives linked to performance, awards for good work, letter of appreciation, promotions, nomination to training programmes both within India and abroad, public appreciation and felicitation. BRAND EQUITY AND IMAGE Owing to various scams in which the MD of India Cements has been involved, the brand image of India Cements has suffered in the recent years. It is the largest cement manufacturing company in South India. The IPL franchisee owned by India Cements, Chennai Super Kings won two IPLs back to back adding to the brand image of the company. However conviction of Gurunath Meiyappan, the son-in law of N Srinivasan in the IPL betting scam of 2013 has brought India Cements into negative light. India Cements had announced in Sept ember 2014, a demerger of CSK into a wholly-owned subsidiary. Mr. Srinivasan wishes to nurture Chennai Super Kings into a billion dollar entity. However Chennai Super Kings might be terminated according to IPL rules. All these factors have affected the image of the company which had appointed MS Dhoni as the Vice President of the company to increase its brand equity. PERFORMANCE OF THE ENTERPRISE The Indian cement industry has an oligopolistic structure. ACC is the market leader and the 5 major players of the industry namely ACC, Grasim, Ultratech, Gujarat Ambuja India Cements together enjoy 65% market share. An analysis of the financial performance of the company can be done using financial ratios for the company and comparing them with industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial ratios. As can be seen from the tables below, the debt to equity ratio for the financial year 2013-14 for India Cements was 0.87 as compared to the industry aggregate of 1.02 which indicates India Ceme nts finances its operations lesser by debt than industry. Thus, it has lesser burden of interest payment compared to the trend in the industry. Liquidity Ratios: The current ratio for India Cements has been close to 0.5 since the last three years as against the industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 1.75. This is because India Cements finances its activities through its assets which reduces interest payment burden. Turnover Ratios: Inventory turnover ratio for India Cements has been pretty high since the last seven years. This shows the company manages its resources well and has had good sales. In contrast, the industry inventory turnover has been lower than Indian Cements. Debtor turnover ratio indicates India Cements has a faster collection period than the industry which indicates a strong liquidity position. Interest Coverage Ratio of India Cements suggests India Cements has been able to meet its interest obligations quite well. Industry trend suggests Interest coverage ratio has been above 2 and the enterprise has been able to maintain its interest payment in line with the industry. Profit before interest and taxes margin (PBIT) has been lower for the enterprise as compared to the industry in 2013-14. This is because of the negative publicity the company received in the IPL betting scam wherein the Chairman Mr. N Srinivasanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s son-in-law Gurunath Meiyappan was convicted. Despite various negative publicity that the company has received, it has been able to perform quite well in comparison to the industry. India Cements commands a good market share in the industry and is the largest cement manufacturer in South India. Table 1: India Cements-Financial Ratios Table 2: Indian Cement Industry- Financial Ratios 1 | Page

A World Lit Only by Fire the Medieval Mind and the Renaissance Free Essays

In the first section of William Manchester’s A World Lit Only By Fire, we are taken into a world that is vastly different from our own, and we see a kind of attitude which is rarely seen today. Manchester stresses the fact that the peasants in the Dark Ages had no knowledge of what was happening in the rest of the world. In our age of twenty-four-hour news networks and instantaneous access to information from across the globe through the internet, it is hard to fathom that if we were still living in the Dark Ages most of us would be completely oblivious to the activities of the rest of the world outside of our small village. We will write a custom essay sample on A World Lit Only by Fire: the Medieval Mind and the Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Manchester also points out that the common people in the Dark Ages had no conception of time. Most would not have known what century it was, let alone the specific date. For most peasants, time passed in a cycle of seasons, and they only needed to know the days of the week in order to know when it was the Sabbath. This is in stark contrast to the life of a modern man. We can know time down to the second. And we need to know time with greater precision. While the peasants of the Dark Ages needed only to recognize the passing of the seasons and when the Sabbath was, modern man often needs to know the time of day precisely. We are constantly on a schedule. School and work starts at a certain time, and we must be there on time. Another fascinating difference which Manchester points out is the fact that most of the peasants did not have surnames and were either referred to by their first name alone, or by a nickname. I found this very strange. Manchester does a good job of showing the differences between the modern mind and the medieval mind. Being aware of these differences allows the reader to appreciate the huge impact that the Renaissance had on Europe. Now in the next section of A World Lit Only by Fire, entitled â€Å"The Shattering,† Manchester shows us several events that â€Å"shattered† beliefs during the Renaissance. Most of these had something to do with the Church at the time because religion was one of the most important parts of Medieval and Renaissance life. The first event that shattered beliefs and changed life did not immediately cause a revolution but had a long-lasting impact on the future of Christianity. That event was the dissemination of the works of Erasmus. With his constant criticism of the Church and his calls for papal reform, he proved that one could criticize the church without being a radical revolutionary, for Erasmus was a devout Catholic. Before Erasmus, few had dared to criticize the Roman Church and those who did were not taken seriously. However, with his satires, Erasmus appealed to all classes of people and gave the people the encouragement to call for reform and criticize the Church. This may have influenced Martin Luther, even though he disliked Erasmus’ work, to nail his 95 Theses to the Castle Church door at Wittenberg. The fact that Erasmus was widely popular also contributed to the change in the thinking that anyone who criticized the church would be damned to hell. Even though Erasmus didn’t do anything as revolutionary as Martin Luther, his brilliant satires were able to change the mindset of Europeans and may have enabled, against his own wishes, the Protestant Reformation. The next event discussed by Manchester is the Reformation itself. Sparked by Martin Luther’s outrage at the sale of indulgences, this is the event that split Christianity in half. Those loyal to the existing Christian Church headed by the Pope became known as Roman Catholics, and those who were not loyal to that Church formed different Protestant Churches. Before the Reformation there was one authoritative representative of the word of God; i. e. , the Pope. Most Christian literature was in Latin, but since Latin was essentially a dead language, most people could not read or understand it, and this helped the Church maintain control of Christians of the age. Within this system, freedom of religious thought was extremely limited. Saying anything that contradicted the pope could get you labeled as a heretic and sentenced to jail, or even death. After the Reformation, several different Churches formed and as they formed, they warred with each other. The pope was no longer the supreme head of Christianity as he had been before the Reformation. Bibles where published in living languages. All kinds of opinions were published in pamphlets. One undesirable consequence of the Reformation was the different sects fighting with each other. Each different sect believed it represented the one true religion. Fighting between sects became common. Fighting between Catholics and Protestants was rife. Protestants burned Roman Catholic churches, smashing mosaics and statues, and even killing innocent women and clergy. The Roman Church started its notorious Inquisition, which was especially violent in Spain. Before the Reformation there was only one Christian Church so religious violence in Europe was rare, but after the Reformation religious violence and persecution became commonplace. The Reformation was a major turning point in the history of Christianity. Without it, America today would be a different country, since many settlers in early America came to escape religious persecution. Manchester’s section on the Reformation is therefore perhaps the most important section in the book. In the last section of A World Lit Only by Fire, entitled â€Å"One Man Alone,† Manchester writes about Ferdinand Magellan and his circumnavigation of the globe. In this section, Manchester takes time to go into extremely fine detail about Magellan’s voyage in order to explain what type of man Magellan was, and, more importantly, to show how big the odds were against his actually finishing his voyage. Manchester seems to idolize Magellan, in part because Magellan wasn’t seeking fame or wealth, but instead simply had a dream and was determined to make it a reality, something that I think most people can respect. How to cite A World Lit Only by Fire: the Medieval Mind and the Renaissance, Essay examples

Governmental Structures Essay Example For Students

Governmental Structures Essay As I began to create my ideal world, I realized thatwhat I wanted was a mix of three differentgovernments/cultures. I wanted (and still do) agovernment truly of and for the people. I also wanteda government that was minimalist, one that made surethere was some kind of order and peace, but one thatwas well, personal, while not interfering too muchwith the rights of its citizens. Additionally, Iwanted a government that would allow private industry,small businesses, and limited corporations. Thisgovernment would regulate the economy by being incharge of major industries and the minimum wage. Thisgovernment would even the playing field for everyonewho wanted to play on it. Education would beexcellent, but driven by the wants of the individual. Basically, I wanted a government that did not fit wellinto any of Stewarts categories. Please forgive meif this essay sounds vague at times, because withoutbeing able to mimic typical governments, my nation isdifficult to describe in the way Stewar t describeswhat has been before. My nation is neither DemocraticSocialist, nor Radical Liberal, nor Anarchist (thoughI would have loved to created an Anarchist culture, Iwas afraid to, after all, I am a child of the Reganyears) I suppose youll just have to read along anddiscern what type of government this is by how Idescribe it. In my previous My Way essay, I described a world inwhich a person was taken care of by the government andthemselves throughout their lives. Because ofeffective birth control methods implemented in theyear 2000, the population of the United Statesdecreased slowly, allowing for more change to takeplace because there were basically fewer people to complicate the change in governmentalstructure. From birth until death, a citizen was covered by the national health caresystem. This national system included all hospitalsand doctors under in 2050, a medical umbrella forthe entire nation. As life continued for a citizen of America in 2050,he or she would enter into their local school system,based upon Montessori-style education. Within 12-14years, they would graduate with the experience of asemester abroad and an Associates degree. The schoolsystem isnt based so much upon technological advancesas it is by fundamental changes in the way the schoolsystem teaches children. A graduate, if they ch ooseto, can go on to college, with financial support fromthe government. This financial support is based uponneed and merit. Once citizen graduates, they may go into the publicor private center for a career. The private center ismuch like it is today, in a Radical Liberal nationlike our own. Outside of small business andcorporations, major industry is controlled by thenation. When a citizen passes the age of 60, they receivedSocial Security, but in 2050, Social Security isactually enough to live on. Under Social Securitybenefits include senior centers, nursing homes, aswell as several other programs that helped make goldenyears enjoyable, if not bearable. To create the type of world Id like to live in,everyone would have to accept the following culturaltruths:1. Its not getting there that matters, its beingthere. People in 2050 are more likely to improvetheir situation for themselves and others, regardlessof what they have to go through to achieve what isbest for them. This is different from the dont rock the boat mentality of 1998,where it is better to go though no pain now, and morepain latter. 2. We are the government; we are them, we arethey. With this paradigm in place, citizens feelthat they are an active voice in their government,unlike 1998, where many people feel like they have novoice in government. .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 , .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 .postImageUrl , .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 , .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3:hover , .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3:visited , .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3:active { border:0!important; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3:active , .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3 .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u941d829f89b76c922266e5310d1203a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Photograph Analysis Essay Example Andy Warhol3. If it wont be good for our grandchildrensfuture, it is not good for us. In this paradigm,citizens would not do anything that would not benefitfuture generations. This would create great amountsof forethought and planning the nation, resulting in abetter future and present situation. In todayssociety, people are more likely to do what isconvenient than what is smartest in the long run. 4. Education and experience is the key to selfactualization. Through this paradigm, and theeducation system that has been implemented in 2050creates citizens who have actualized their potentialand are living fulfilling lives. 5. Everyone is equal. We are brothers and sisters(in Christ). Whether this is taken religiously ornot is not as important, what is important is thateveryone treats each other as equals. This means thatthey arent jealous or competing with one another. People will simply strive to achieve their best. 6. Children are the greatest gifts andresponsibilities to our nation. With the birthcontrol programs that were implemented, children havebecome more than an obligation to the nation. Thischanges the way in which the nation deals withchildrens issues; from just covering the basics ofeducation, health care, and social services, thenation strives to help each generation of childrenachieve the most that they can. 7. the nation strives to help each generation ofchildren achieve the most that they can. The governmental system of my world of 2050 is similarto that of America, 1998, but with a few changes. Thebasic system is Radical Liberal but it lacks a partysystem. American government of 2050 still has checksand balances, as well as univeral suffrage. Though thestructure of the three branches remains basically thesame, the single member districts changed slightly,because of the lack of a party system. The singlemember districts cover larger areas to reduce theamount of candidates in primaries. To qualify as acandidate, a citizen must petition the public, andreceive at least 5,000 signatures. America of 2050 has a mixed economy, part capitalist,part socialist. There is free enterprise within asomewhat managed economy. I liked Bellamys idea of anation who supplies what its people need, so Idecided to create a system in which businesses can becreated by citizens, but one in which the governmentis in control of the major industries. Theseindustries are that of energy, trasportationalservices, water, telephone access, and farming.Eachof these departments would be set up to provide themost efficient, cost-effective, widespread service andquality goods. All of these industries would fallunder the national umbrella, as shown in BellamysLooking Backward. My year 2050 is very similar to that of today, butwith fewer people, and less waste created by thenationalization of the above industries, and differentparadigms, my year 2050 creates a more pleasant nationto live in. With a national health care system inwhich every cost is covered by the nation, eachcitizen lives a healthy life, one in which they arephysically able to achieve his or her goals.As acitizen in 2050, a person has the right to anexcellent education, made possible for everyonebecause of the smaller amounts of students in schools. The paradigms of 2050 create a community in whichpeople see each other as equals and this creates moreharmonious interaction between individuals.Thestructure of nationalized industries produces productsthat are inexpensive and efficient. The new structureof government allows regular people to communicatewith and effect government without selling out to apolitical party. Perhaps my system isnt perfect, but it is the bestpossible idea I can conceive of right now. I justwanted to create a system that would in turn, create acommunity of individuals who really cared about eachother. In each of the systems I looked at, I foundgood and bad points, so I took as many of the goodpoints from all of them to create the best system Icould. So, this is my system; one in which healthy,educated people live together in a community,supported by a system of checks and balances, whichkeep a just and stable governmentWords/ Pages : 1,294 / 24

Introduction of Festival Walk free essay sample

1. 0 A convenient site: Festival Walk is located at 80 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, directly connected to the MTR interchange in Hong Kong (take Exit â€Å"C† at Kowloon Tong MTR station). In additional, the bus station provide terminal service from different district achieve to Festival Walk. Moreover drivers can direct parking at festival walk which provides over 800 spaces, open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The car park offer 3 levels and set up the complete security facility for 24-hours monitoring. Located in the centre of Kowloon, Festival Walk offers direct entrance to public and private transport. Located near by the traditional upper class residential area, Festival walk offers an extraordinary upper class level of accessibility. Opposite Festival Walk is the City university and Industrial Technology Centre are next door. Took a walk few minutes, the Baptist University can be achieved. 1. 1 A breathtaking design: As a Hong Kong’s largest ice rink, over 220,000 square feet of office space, Festival Walk introduce the realization of a unique concept and provide an energized environment of innovation, originality and pleasure. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction of Festival Walk or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Festival Walk brings together some of the world’s most sought-after brand and services. Another great point is that a lot of these brands and services are completely new to Hong Kong, and many others have opened flagship stores here. Dining is also a big draw, with big names in both Oriental and Western fusion. 1. 2 A great food: To seek for quality, recreation, best-value, impulsive, social stage, or it’s a sandwich on the run, an important business lunch, dinner with friends or a romantic meal for two, Festival Walk has just the place for you. Over 27 restaurants actually offer international fusion ensure that every taste and budget catered to – from the old-fashioned and authentic Italian-American cuisine at Amaroni’s Little Italy, to a cappuccino at Starbucks or dim sum at Jasmine. Whatever your mood, Festival Walk is a variety and fashionable venue with a world of exciting culinary affective. Target customers of Simplylife Bakery Cafe 2. 1 Segmentation Refer to the location of Simplylife Bakery Cafe – Festival Walk, where is a big shopping mall provided eating, shopping and playing places. Nearby, there are many offices, the City University, Secondary schools. Moreover, it provided a rage of exciting offers exclusively for the students and staff in university with due date of 31 August 2008, which stated that once the students and staff wearing union or presented the ID card, or the International students, teachers professors presented ID card or U card at the period of time may enjoy a great offering of purchase within some of the stores in Festival Walk. Its convenient transportation which has the MTR station, bus stations and provided parking area can attracted many different kinds of potential customers, like, staff work at Festival Walk, office people, students and teachers from University and secondary schools, people who love shopping and branding supporters. As the Festival Walk has many International brands, it promoted some exclusive offers from over 100 international brands to the foreign visitors simply required them to present their passport at the Customer Service Desk on LG2 or UG to redeem a Festival Walk Tourist Passport. This policy may helpful in attracting more foreigner and Individual visitors to come and shopping. Also, these groups of people are willing to pay more money onto the branding products and they are mostly having enough financial abilities. 2. 2 Targeting Within the segmented customers of Festival Walk, there are some of them may suit with the style of Simplylife Bakery Cafe. The potential target segment would be the office people, especially for women and the foreign tourists. It is because Simplylife Bakery Cafe’s main theme is healthy food, especially low level of oil, fat, sweet and calories breads, even the breads are turned cold and it still tastes good. Furthermore, breads are the product which can satiate hungry, fast and convenient. These may be a great benefit for those emphasize healthy life’s people and who are not able to have enough time to eat breakfast or lunch. On the other hand, the food at Simplylife Bakery Cafe costs in a high price ith comparing the average price of other stores, therefore, the potential customers may needed to have at least a middle level and steady income. Office people may be suitable for these requirements. The reason for tourists may be the potential target groups would because most foreign tourists may have a standardized eating habit which close to the cafe’s product contained with a high relationship with European food. And they are more willing to pay money to what they want than local peop le. Another likely market would be the shoppers in Festival Walk. Most of the shoppers are having basic financial abilities, have extra time in shop around the shopping mall. After a period of time spend on shopping and consumption may want to have a place to sit down to relax for a moment and eat or drink something. Cafe may be a good choice for them. 2. 3 Positioning The Simplylife Bakery Cafe would position itself to the customers who seek for healthy and relaxing life. Those people may have a great demand in selecting food, drinks and their own quality of life. They are enjoying the European style, no matter the environment and the eating habit. Thus, the machine used in Simplylife Bakery Cafe required all its decoration, machinery of bakery and the food they produced must meet the stylish of European style. Such as the stove are produced from European. The environmental design used sunny umbrellas and open-air restaurant style can fulfill the needs of those customers who enjoy sunshine and sight-seeing but afraid of basking in the sun or rainy days will get dirty when eating or having tea time at the street. Also, the air-conditioning environment can make customers more comfortable. Theories applied For a marketing stimulus to have an impact, consumers must be exposed to it, allocate some attention to it, and perceive it. Consumers do some processing of a stimulus once they have been exposed to it, pay attention to it, and perceive its characteristics. Once it is perceived, consumers may examine it more closely. Thus, exposure, attention, and perception all affect the decisions consumers make and the actions they take. 3. 1 Exposure Before any type of marketing stimulus can affect consumers, they must be exposed to it. Exposure reflects the process by which the consumer comes in to physical contact with a stimulus. Marketing stimulus are messages and information about products or brands communicated by either the marketer (via ads, salespeople, brands symbols, packages, signs, prices, and so on) or by non-marketing sources (e. g. , the media, word of mouth). Consumers can be exposed to marketing stimuli at the buying, using, or disposing stages of consumption. Because exposure is critical to consumers’ subsequent processing of any stimulus, marketers must ensure that consumers are exposed to stimuli that portray their offering in a favourable light. 1] Therefore, marketers start the process of gaining exposure by selecting media, such as radio, product placements, and the Internet, and by developing promotions for the targeted customers. [2] Although Simplylife has opened for about six to seven months, there are many people left down messages or comments onto the online blog and some newspaper had introduced this cafe to the readers, such as the Sing Tao Newspaper and Ming Pao Newspaper had introduced it to the readers, some websites had even rated it into the top 20 restaurants by an online voting system. These had attracted many different people went there and tried the food and drinks at Simplylife Bakery Cafe. 3. 2 Attention Attention occurs when the consumer allocates processing capacity to the stimulus. A certain amount of attention is necessary for information to be perceived-for it to activate our senses. [3] Attention is selective, divided, and limited. Even tactics such as product placement do not guarantee that consumers will directly attend to marketing stimuli, although consumers may attend to them pre-attentively. Making a marketing stimulus personally relevant, pleasant, surprising, or easy to process enhances its attention-getting properties. Consumers perceive a stimulus using one of their sensory organs. [4] 3. 3 Sensation In psychology, sensation is the first stage in the biochemical and neurologic events that begins with the impinging of a stimulus upon the receptor cells of a sensory organ, which then leads to perception, the mental state that is reflected in statements like I see a uniformly blue wall. [5] Sensory system A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. The human bodys senses[6] are divided into eight: visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, cutaneous, kinesthetic, vestibular, organic. [7][8] The ways in which these senses are divided from one another in concept, and combined in varying ratios in perceiving the world, differs based on individual physiology, social and cultural context, and physical surroundings. The whole sensory system, including both physical sensation and interpretation (or cognition) of information from the senses, is referred to as a sensorium[9]. [10] Inputs picked up by our senses are the raw data that begin the perceptual process. [11][12] 3. 4 Perception In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information. [13] Passive perception and active perception There are two basic theories of perception: Passive Perception (PP) and Active Perception (PA). 14] The passive perception (conceived by Rene Descartes) is addressed in this article and could be surmised as the following sequence of events: Surrounding ; Input (senses) ; Processing (brain) ; Output (re-action) Although still supported by mainstream philosophers, psychologists and neurologists, this theory is nowadays losing momentum. [15] The theory of active perception has emerged from extensive research of sensory illusions w ith works of Professor Emeritus Richard L Gregory in a lead. This theory is increasingly gaining experimental support and could be surmised as dynamic relationship between:[16] â€Å"Description† (in the brain) ; ; Senses ; ; Surrounding Perceptual thresholds Perceptual thresholds determine the point at which stimuli are perceived. The absolute threshold is the lowest point at which an individual can experience a sensation. The differential threshold is the minimal difference in stimulus intensity needed to defect that two stimulus are different. The differential threshold is important both when marketers do not want consumers to notices a difference between two stimuli (as in a size decrease) and when they do (as in the case of product improvements). [17] Perception and action Human beings gather information about the world and interact with it through our actions. Perceptual information is critical for action. Perceptual deficits may lead to profound deficits in action. [18] Introduction of Simplylife Bakery Cafe 4. 1 A new European style at L2-42: For taking a break at rush hour or renewal under the pressure, the aroma of freshly baked goods filling the air, you shell is able to energize as soon as possible. Simplylife Bakery Cafe is a new European style restaurant providing bread as the principal theme at Festival Walk, L2-42 which established at July of 2007. Its former is full of Continental Europe bread fragrantly, wrap up the full land wind simplylife bakery cafe of Europe, where has a sophisticated atmosphere is decorated to restaurant by the chi European-style. It is divided into for meal in the room area or in the open area. The open-air position is the outdoor location of the indoor shop under glass variola and the sunshine shines on the desk through the glass. The air conditioning is put in place at the same time thus it will not be felt too hot. Yet, the relaxing environment coupled with comfortable furniture evokes a romantic dining experience. Moreover, the semi-opened kitchen is able to stimuli your vision, smell, taste sensory; and the gentle trendy music let you perceive as if settle at Europe with the infinite pleasures. . 2 A great dining: The food is looked like cases of fine art and jewelry and the flavors are comparably precious. Simplylife Bakery Cafe offers a range of European-style delectable bread, cakes chocolates and patisseries made by their renowned pastry chef. All the breads baked by Simplylife Bakery Cafe are made with the minimum use of oil and sugar. Also, the bread that Simplylife Cafe sold can remain great tas te even the breads turned to cool and the mouthfeeling may get more better which is the different point of Simplylife’s bread with the others. Moreover, the stove of simplylife and fermented machine are import from the European. the constant temperature function and time control, can be close to the European taste, offer the genuine flavor of Continental Europe. Customers can take a seat and choose a drink to accompany these fine sweet experiences, or of course customer may prefer something savory, a sandwich or homemade pastry. SimplyLife Bakery Cafe also offers a wide selection of meatless rice, pasta dishes, wild rice, hamburger and organic spaghetti of dishes, which are cooked with olive oil, also include ten valley rice, organic noodles,etc. n the cuisine and take health as the purpose. Furthermore, they offer a wide variety of wines that will complement customers’ meal. Likewise, choose to occidentalize in cuisin add with the indoor light is weak, mix the light music, inside and outside of shop, such ooze over Continental Europe flavor. 4. 3 Decoration: The cafe has adopted the continental designing concept for the decoration, such as the brazier and fermentation machine are brought from Europe to ensure the breads made and tastes are entirely filled with the European-styles. Also, brown, black and white color tone is used for the main coloring for the cafe which can promote the thinking of clean, simple, fashionable and classical to customers. And the wooden floor design can give customers the warm and friendly feeling. Moreover, the environment of the cafe is divided into two sections and it has divided into two parts. First part is indoor section where mainly have the semi-opened kitchen, refrigerator, cash counter, toilet and some small tables and chairs. The semi-opened kitchen is showing how the chefs make the bread in European type, also the cafe may produce about ten numbers of breads for each kind which may give the feeling of friendly, kindly, hygiene, confidence, excitement, etc. to the customers and let them know the breads they brought were fresh and healthy. It also can give them a good appetite when they smell the scent of bread and stimulate their emotion to eat after smelling them or impetus them to have further consumptions even they do not hungry at that moment. The materials and equipment were clearly showed at the open-kitchen, all the breads are tidily placed on the baskets and covered with the transparent bread cabinet, and these are the main factors to let customers to have confidence in purchasing and promoting hygiene concepts. At the top right corner of the kitchen has a well-equipped visual aids that showed all the information of each kind of foods the cafe sold and the pricing can convent the customers and let reduced the time for them in search such information and feeling of high-technological. On the other hand, the refrigerator inside the store placed some drinks and packed sandwiches can let customers to take and consume by themselves which can increase the involvement with customers towards the consumption. Therefore, consumers can choose the products by themselves with freely selection, like they can take the product on hand to feel the product and smell it, see it clearly. Moreover, the store played some soft and English song, combined with the yellow and dark lighting can give customers a relaxing and comfortable eeling. Except these, the cafe has its own toilets for the customers, inside is well-cleaned and mirrors, soaps, rubbish bins, tissues and other basic materials are provided. The second part on Simplylife Bakery Cafe is the outdoor section is designed as an European-stylish open-air teahouse, all the tables had installed the big sunny umbrellas. The sunshine can be projected onto the desk and seats through the glasses. Included with the moderate air-conditioning, customers can be satisfied with their needs of eating and drinking at the open-air places and feel relaxing after shopping or walking around the shopping mall. Also, such kind of design can let the customers to enjoy the outside scenery like the sunshine, rainy days, afternoon sunshine or stars shine at night, which can increase the sight seeing to the customers in except of the tasting, smelling, hearing satisfactions. Strengthen, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat of Simplylife Bakery Cafe Strengthen Simplylife Bakery Cafe used the stoves and fermented machines are made in European. This made their breads more similar to European-style, which can constant the temperature function and to be more exactly in time controlling from producing breads. The characterics of European-style’s bread need not to eat the bread when it is hot, it also can be tasted good even it is cold. This would be one of the differentiation of its products and convience to those people who are working in the central city – Hong Kong. Simplylife Bakery Cafe dividend into two parts which is the indoor cafe and outdoor restaurant. The indoor cafe include the semi-opened kitchen to show the process of baking the breads and the clear environment may help in promoting hygiene and let customers to feel more confidence in purchasing; the outdoor restaurant with the incorporating glasses and the big sunny umbrellas attract people who are willing to enjoy the sunshine and the air-conditioning at the same time. Weakness Even Simplylife Bakery Cafe has such advantages to attract customers, it is not perfect enough. The cafe does not provide any set meals for lunch or dinner. There is a clearly additional cost for ordering dishes separately. It seem that the prices of the cafe are highest when compare to others. It may not easily to attract the student group and new customers. And the desks in the cafe are only suitable for two to three people use and too small when the customer is ordering much more dishes. Therefore, customers who like to have a gathering with many friends may be difficult as the table is too small and they are forced to divide sitting in different desks. Opportunity It seems that Simplylife Bakery Cafe does not have any set meal of lunch and dinner; it can offer some set lunch and set dinner each week per day; it also can offer some promotions to attract the student to expand the target market. As nearby may have the University and Secondary schools, students are willing to spend time after school and sitting in the cafe to gathering with friends or discussing project at these kind of place. Threat In Festival Walk, there are nine cafes (included Simplylife Bakery Cafe) to let customer to choose which are Agnes b. e pain grille be Cafe, Bistro Delifrance, McCafe, Olivers Super Sandwiches, Pacific Coffee Company, Page One Cafe, Queens Konditorei, Simplylife Bakery Cafe and Starbucks Coffee. The style of Simplylife Bakery Cafe is similar with Agnes b. le pain grille be Cafe, it may not easier to stick out the differences of Simplylife Bakery Cafe. The prices is another important factors for customers to choose one of nine cafe; the pri ce is not popularity to the public when compare with other cafe in Festival Walk and difficult to develop customer loyalty. Executive Summary Festival Walk is a world’s best known shopping mall which have had over 200 shops and 27 restaurants, the largest ice rink of Hong Kong, over twenty-two million square feet of office space, etc. It located at the central point of Kowloon Tong, direct access to the buses, taxis, and the MTR station, nearby the universities; those factors can be attracted the travelers from all over the worlds, students, white-collar, etc. Simplylife Bakery Cafe have had a similar target segment with Festival Walk, within the above segment, the mainly segment which Simplylife Bakery Cafe focus is the health conscious and enjoying European life styles’ customers. The purpose of Simplylife Bakery Cafe is to promote healthiness, simple, clean and comfortable thinking to customers after they came and purchased from the cafe. The bread is one of the selling points of Simplylife Bakery Cafe. To make it more similar to the European-style, the stoves and fermented machines are import from European so that it can easy to constant the temperature function and time control. Also, all the breads are made with the minimum use of oil and sugar; wild rice and organic spaghetti are used in the dishes. And from the content of the report, there will discuss how the environment and decoration be a critical factor in attracting customers to come and purchase, or even have further purchase. The Simplylife Bakery Cafe’s products are mainly on European-style food and based on this reason, the style of decorating the store also adopted such kind of styling, from the machinery to the environment design. The outdoor part of the cafe with the incorporating glasses and big sun umbrella just like the tea-stall in the open air let people feel that they are eating and relaxing under the sunshine in Europe. The semi-open kitchen in the indoor cafe allows people to see the whole process of producing breads. This can increase the interest from customers to take a look and then after they saw it, smell it, they may be pushed by these stimuli and then purchase. Even Simplylife Bakery Cafe has had so many advantages to attract the customers, especially by its environment factors, like there is a comfort place for customers to relax, eat and gathering with friends, also, the music and decoration let customers can have the feeling of located in Europe, help in reducing pressure and the semi-open kitchen can raise their interests and stimuli their sensory systems (e. g. Eat) in purchasing. However, we found that it could be difficult to build up a customer loyalty and attract the new customer. It is because the price of Simplylife Bakery Cafe is higher and the prices of breads are higher than the local bakeries. Simplylife Bakery Cafe does not offer any set meals for lunch and dinner to let customer chosen. [1] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [2] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [3] James, W. , The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt, Vol. 1, pp. 403-404 [4] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [5] http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Sensation [6] Senses are the physiological methods of perception. A sense is a faculty by which outside stimuli are perceived. [7] Kolb Whishaw: Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, 2003 [8] http://www. eioba. com/a70192/senses [9] The term sensorium (plural: sensoria) refers to the sum of an organisms perception, the seat of sensation where it experiences a nd interprets the environments within which it lives. [10] Kolb Whishaw: Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, 2003 [11] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [12] James. J. Gibson, The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems. Boston, 1966 [13] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [14] http://www. simplypsychology. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/perception-theories. html [15] http://www. simplypsychology. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/perception-theories. html [16] http://www. simplypsychology. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/perception-theories. html [17] Hoyer W. D. Maclnnis D. J. : Consumer Behaviour, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007 [18] http://www. roblesdelatorre. com/gabriel/GR-IEEE-MM-2006. pdf

The Gold Standard vs. Fiat Money

The Gold Standard vs. Fiat Money An extensive essay on the gold standard on The Encyclopedia of Economics and Liberty defines it as: ...a commitment by participating countries to fix the prices of their domestic currencies in terms of a specified amount of gold. National money and other forms of money (bank deposits and notes) were freely converted into gold at the fixed price. A county under the gold standard would set a price for gold, say $100 an ounce and would buy and sell gold at that price. This effectively sets a value for the currency; in our fictional example, $1 would be worth 1/100th of an ounce of gold. Other precious metals could be used to set a monetary standard; silver standards were common in the 1800s. A combination of the gold and silver standard is known as bimetallism. A Brief History of the Gold Standard If you would like to learn about the history of money in detail, there is an excellent site called A Comparative Chronology of Money which details the important places and dates in monetary history. During most of the 1800s, the United States had a bimetallic system of money;  however, it was essentially on a gold standard as very little silver was traded. A true gold standard came to fruition in 1900 with the passage of the Gold Standard Act. The gold standard effectively came to an end in 1933 when President Franklin D. Roosevelt outlawed private gold ownership. The Bretton Woods System, enacted in 1946 created a system of fixed exchange rates that allowed governments to sell their gold to the United States treasury at the price of $35/ounce: The Bretton Woods system ended on August 15, 1971, when President Richard Nixon ended trading of gold at the fixed price of $35/ounce. At that point for the first time in history, formal links between the major world currencies and real commodities were severed. The gold standard has not been used in any major economy since that time. What system of money do we use today? Almost every country, including the United States, is on a system of fiat money, which the glossary defines as money that is intrinsically useless; is used only as a medium of exchange. The value of money is set by the supply and demand for money and the supply and demand for other goods and services in the economy. The prices for those goods and services, including gold and silver, are allowed to fluctuate based on market forces.   The Benefits and Costs of a Gold Standard The main benefit of a gold standard is that it  ensures  a relatively low level of inflation. In articles such as What Is the Demand for Money? weve seen that inflation is caused by a combination of four factors: The supply of money goes up.The supply of goods goes down.Demand for money goes down.Demand for goods goes up. So long as the supply of gold does not change too quickly, then the supply of money will stay relatively stable. The gold standard prevents a country from printing too much money. If the supply of money rises too fast, then people will exchange money (which has become less scarce) for gold (which has not). If this goes on too long, then the treasury will eventually run out of gold. A gold standard restricts the  Federal Reserve  from enacting policies which significantly alter the growth of the money supply which in turn limits the  inflation rate  of a country. The gold standard also changes the face of the foreign exchange market. If Canada is on the gold standard and has set the price of gold at $100 an ounce, and Mexico is also on the gold standard and set the price of gold at 5000 pesos an ounce, then 1 Canadian Dollar must be worth 50 pesos. The extensive use of gold standards implies a system of fixed exchange rates. If all countries are on a gold standard, there is  then  only one real currency, gold, from which all others derive their value. The stability of the gold standard cause in the foreign exchange market is often cited as one of the benefits of the system. The stability caused by the gold standard is also the biggest drawback in having one.  Exchange rates  are not allowed to respond to changing circumstances in countries. A gold standard severely limits the stabilization policies the Federal Reserve can use. Because of these factors, countries with gold standards tend to have severe economic shocks. Economist  Michael D. Bordo  explains: Because economies under the gold standard were so vulnerable to real and monetary shocks, prices were highly unstable in the short run. A measure of short-term price instability is the coefficient of variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of annual percentage changes in the price level to the average annual percentage change. The higher the coefficient of variation, the greater the short-term instability. For the United States between 1879 and 1913, the coefficient was 17.0, which is quite high. Between 1946 and 1990 it was only 0.8. Moreover, because the gold standard gives the government little discretion to use monetary policy, economies on the gold standard are less able to avoid or offset either monetary or real shocks. Real output, therefore, is more variable under the gold standard. The coefficient of variation for real output was 3.5 between 1879 and 1913, and only 1.5 between 1946 and 1990. Not coincidentally, since the government could not have discretion over monetary policy, unemployment was higher during the gold standard. It averaged 6.8 percent in the United States between 1879 and 1913 versus 5.6 percent between 1946 and 1990. So it would appear that the major benefit to the gold standard is that it can prevent long-term inflation in a country. However, as  Brad DeLong  points out: ...if you do not trust a central bank to keep inflation low, why should you trust it to remain on the gold standard for generations? It does not look like the gold standard will make a return to the United States anytime in the foreseeable future.

Capital Investment decision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Capital Investment decision making - Essay Example Due to the nature of these services, the organization plans to purchase specialized facilities and to recruit several therapists who will be providing these services to outpatients at their homes (Baker & English, 2011). Among the decisions that the organization will have to make before the investment are the effects of this venture on the organization’s culture. The investment should work to motivate the organization’s staff. Another decision that the organization will need to make is how the desired quality of services will be achieved and be maintained. The organization will further have to make ethical considerations before commencing on the project. Among the main kinds of information needed to evaluate this project include capital budgeting models. The organization will have to choose a capital budgeting model that best suits its operations (Cumming, 2010). During this decision making process, the organization may experiences challenges when choosing on a capital budget model that works well for its operations. Deciding on methods of performance evaluation may also be challenging due to the wide variety of these methods. However, the organization can hire financial analysts who can assist in making these decisions (Serfas,

Innovation Management - Logitech Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Innovation Management - Logitech - Assignment Example over a home network for central control. It is also planning to this for remote reading of the water meters known as â€Å"Smart Metering solutions.† To accomplish this Logitech plans to acquire a small high technology firm with the relevant expertise in the new area. Logitech must be prepared to understand that acquiring a new company will have its own problems and issues which the company will have to face. This report presents the analysis the situation of Logitech that is planning to acquire a company in order to extend its product line. This report analyses the value creation of Logitech as it intends to acquire the company. The second part of the report presents the marketing analysis that also includes the external environment analysis of the company. PEST analysis has been used to analyze the external environment of the company. The third part of the report analyses how proper and appropriate innovation management can help the organization in making this change a succe ssful one. The fourth part of the report discusses the role of strategic leadership and what role the leaders can play in formulating strategies and in making sure that the change is successful. Then the report leads to the conclusion. PART I - VALUE CREATION Existing Line Of Products Logitech is a very prominent name in the field of electronics. It has a variety of products to cherish its product line such as: Tablet Accessories From headphones to keyboards Mice & Keyboard Combos HD Webcams which outperform embedded cameras and enable face-to-face meetings Headsets compatible with PCs, Macs and most UC platforms. Multimedia speakers with a variety of range of sizes and styles. Presentation Devices Gaming & Security System Logitech’s product line consists of the following home monitoring and security items also bear a wide variety of product which are all top of the line. These consist of Master Systems Add-on Cameras Premium Services Accessories Bundle Builders Busted Videos Product Proposal Logitech is planning to extend its product line by entering the new sci-tech product arena. It plans to acquire a small high technology firm with the expertise in this area in order to do so. This decision will surely benefit the company a lot. Besides the endless benefits the company will have to consider that the costs of operations will increase. Logitech by acquiring such a company will take responsibility of the existing product line of the company too. Engaging with the new company will increase the responsibility of Logitech. This acquisition will show that Logitech will be the one responsible for that companies product decisions. If that company fails to deliver any sort of perfection in its own existing product line, Logitech name will also be on stake. Smart Metering Solution The acquisition of a whole new company is intended for the product line in which Logitech plans to penetrate. This is a new product to ensure complete solution from home related issu es. This product will help measure the water consumption of the individuals of the house. This is a very important device because water has become a rare commodity these days. To ensure the least wastage of resources and the efficient monitoring of the usage of water, this device will prove to be very useful. Competitors There are already a few companies which are working and producing smart meters. These companies would prove to be the

An Overview Of Research Methodology Education Essay

An Overview Of Research Methodology Education Essay As research methodology is the plan and structure of investigation of an aim or problem on which research is relaying so different techniques are applied to get the answers of desired question. Methodology is the theory of how research should be undertaken, including the theoretical and philosophical assumptions upon which research is based and the implications of these for the method or methods adopted (Saunders. M, et al, 2007). According to the Kaplans discussion of this concept in The Conduct of Inquiry, He distinguishes several senses of methodology: (1) techniques, the specific procedures used in a given science; (2) honorifics, a ritual invocation attesting to concern with meeting standards of scientific acceptability; (3) epistemology, involving the most basic philosophical questions about the pursuit of truth. Research methodology is the overall process guiding the entire research project. Another way to look at methodology is to call it the primary evidence generation mechanism (Prashant. P, et al, 2003). It is also an activity which is time consuming so I am using dissimilar proficiencies. My main purpose of the research is to focus on the information technology and its effects at the time of its introduction on the workplaces. I am also analysing the difference among the condition of the workplace before and after the introduction of IT. I am also researching on the technologies (such as computers, digital cameras, automated chines etc) which are used in the workplace. THE RESEARCH PROCESS: The research process that will be utilized in this research is the research onion in order to ensure that it will get all the needed data necessary to accomplish my objectives. This is because conducting a research is like peeling the back layers of an onion-in order to come to the central issue of how to collect the necessary data needed to answer the research questions and objectives, important layers should be first peeled away. With the said process, I will able to create an outline on what measures are most appropriate to be applied in the study. The diagram below is an adaptation from Saunders. M, et al (2007) of the research process onion which is comprehensively introduces the theories of every step of methodology. There are five stages in the research onion: Philosophies, approaches, strategies, choices, time horizon and techniques and procedure. And my research process will conduct according to these stages. The first layer raises the question of the research philosophy to adopt, the second considers the subject of research approach that flows from the research philosophy, the third examines the research strategy most applicable, the fourth layer refers to the time horizon a researcher applies to his research, and the fifth layer is the data collection methods to be used. Research philosophies All research is based on assumptions about how the world is perceived and how we can best come to understand it and these assumptions are established on research philosophies. These assumptions will underpin the research strategy and the methods choose as a part of that strategy. According to Saunders. M, et al(2007), research philosophy is overarching term relating to the development of knowledge and the nature of that knowledge in relation to research. Johnson and Clark (2006) argues that the vital issue is not so much whether the research should be philosophically informed, but it is how well we are able to reflect upon our philosophical choices. My research will reflect two research philosophies which are Ontology and Epistemology. These assumptions consist of a stance toward the nature of reality (ontology) and how the researcher knows what she or he knows (Epistemology) (Creswell, W. J, 2007). Ontology: This is the philosophy which is related to the nature of reality and its characteristics. This philosophy raises the assumptions researchers have about the way the world operates and the commitment held to particular views. Ontology has two aspects, Objectivism and Subjectivism, which will both have their devotees among business and management researcher (Saunders. M, et al, 2007). OBJECTIVISM: An ontological position that asserts that social entities exist in a reality external to, and independent of, social actors concerned with their existence (Saunders. M, et al, 2007). SUBJECTIVISIM: An ontological position that asserts that entities are created from the perceptions and consequent actions of those social actors responsible for their creation. An extreme form, it may hold that the nature and existence of every object depends solely on someones subjective awareness of it. Subjectivism is a philosophical tenet that accords primacy to subjective experience as fundamental of all measure and law. In an extreme form, it may hold that the nature and existence of every object depends solely on someones subjective awareness of it (wekipidia.org). Epistemology: Epistemology is concerned with the study of knowledge and what we accept as being valid knowledge. The relationship between the researcher and that which is being researched is involved in this philosophy (Collis, J. and Hussey, R., 2003). The longer researchers stay in the field or get to know the participants, the more they know what they know from firsthand information (Creswell, 2007). Epistemology is further categorised in to three sub categories, Positivism, Realism and Interpretivism. (Saunders, et.al, 2009, p, 112) POSITIVISM: As my research reflects the philosophy of positivism in which I will adopt the philosophical stance of the natural scientist. Positivism is epistemological position that advocates working with an observation social reality. The emphasis is on highly structured methodology to facilate replication, and the end product can be law like generalisations similar to those produced by the physical and natural scientist (Saunders. M. Et al, 2007). REALISM Realism is another philosophical position which relates to scientific enquiry. It is the epistemological position that objects exist independently of our knowledge of their existence. The philosophy of realism is that there is a reality quite independent of the human mind. Realism is somewhat similar to positivism in that it assumes a scientific approach development of knowledge (Saunders. M. Et al, 2007). There are two forms of realism: direct realism and critical realism. Direct realism is the epistemological position that what we see is what we get: what we experience through our senses portrays the world accurately (Saunders. M. Et al, 2007). Another form is Critical realism which is also the epistemological position that what we experience are sensations, the images of the real world not the things directly (Saunders. M. Et al, 2007). INTERPRETIVISM: It advocates the necessity to understand difference between humans in their role as social actors. The emphasis of this philosophical research is on the people rather than objects such as trucks and computers(Saunders. M. Et al, 2007). The heritage of this strand of interpretivisim comes from two intellectual traditions: phenomenology and symbolic interactionism. Phenomenology refers to the way in which human make sense of the world around. Whereas, in symbolic interactionism we are in a continual process of interpreting the social world around us (Saunders. M. Et al, 2007). Research Approach Research Approach refers to the approach or the methodology that has been adopted to conduct the research. It basically involves the selection of research questions, the conceptual framework that has to be adopted, the selection of appropriate research method such as primary research, secondary research etc (blurtit.com). Research can be distinguished as belonging to one of two models a deductive (or top down) approach or an inductive (or bottom up) approach. Deductive approach is one in which a theory and hypothesis (or hypotheses) are formulated, and then a research strategy is planned to test these hypothesis. Whereas, in Inductive approach, data is gathered and the theory is developed as a outcome of the data analysis. (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007) My research will be carried out through the inductive approach in which I will collect data from different resources and develops theory as a result of data analysis. An inductive approach is radically different from the deductive type. I have chosen the inductive approach because it does not have the same strength of relationship between reasons and conclusion. To induce something is to draw a conclusion from one or more particular facts or pieces of evidence. The conclusion explains the facts support the conclusion (Blumberg. B, et al, 2008). Research strategy: My research is explanatory in which I am examining the relationship between variables which are information technology, workplace and the people. In order to get a clearer view of the relationship I will collect the qualitative data to explain the reason that how the information technology has impacted the workplace. My research strategy for this work is grounded theory. Research strategy: Grounded theory is often thought of as a best example of the inductive approach developing and building method. Grounded theory is, according to Goulding (2002), particularly helpful for research to predict and explain behaviour, the emphasis being upon developing and building theory. A grounded theory is the research strategy in which theory is developed from data generated by a series of observations or interviews principally involving an inductive approach, definition by Saunders. M, et al (2007). According to Steren (1994, pg 273), grounded theory is one of the interpretative methods that share the common philosophy of phenomenology that is, methods that are used to describe the world of the person or persons under study. A key idea is that this theory development does not come off the shelf, but rather is generated or grounded in data from participants who have experienced the process (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). The roots of grounded theory can be traced back to a movement known as symbolic interactionism whose origins lie in the work of Charies Cooley (1864 1929) and George Herbert Mead (1863 1931). The concern of these scholars was to avoid the polarities of psychologism and sociologism (Goulding, C., 2000). Grounded theory was originally developed in the 1960s by two American sociology scholars focusing largely on the health/nursing field, Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss, and started to become well known with the publishing of their book, Discovery of Grounded Theory (1967)( Mello, J and Flint, D. J., 2009). In grounded theory, data collection starts without the formation of an initial theoretical framework. Theory is developed from data generated by a series of observations. These data lead to the generation of predictions which are then tested in further observations that may confirm, or otherwise, the predictions (Saunders. M. et al, 2007). Methodology uses a systematic set of procedures to develop an inductively derived grounded theory about a phenomenon. The findings of the research constitute a theoretical formation of the reality under investigation, rather than consisting of a set of numbers, or a group of loosely related themes (Strauss and Corbin, 1990, ed. 1). OBJECTIVES OF GROUNDED THEORY Essentially, the objective in grounded theory is to build mid range theory. The emphasis on building effective and complex theory, grounded in data, at various levels of generality, characterizes its most important purpose (Mello, J and Flint, D. J., 2009). Grounded theory is predicated on the idea that social science theory can be built from data systematically obtained in a social setting (Robrecht 1995, p.170). Theory emerges from very deep and contemplative analysis of data obtained in the field rather than from a prioi assumptions developed before the research begins (Mello, J and Flint, D. J., 2009). Grounded theory researchers aim to develop theories that enable explanation of behavior, are applicable in practice, and provide hypotheses that can be verified. Two features of grounded theory that help set it apart from other qualitative methods are (1) it is not limited to description of the phenomenon, but seeks to develop theoretical concepts, and (2) it is not bound to a particular unit of analysis, time, or place. This allows researchers to develop a grounded theory and apply and test it in areas outside the original study (Mello, J and Flint, D. J., 2009). The grounded theory perspective of what constitutes a theory is defined by Strauss and Corbin (1998, p.15) as a set of well developed concepts related through statements of relationship, which together constitute an integrated framework that can be used to explain or predict phenomena. Theory is constructed from conceptual categories and their properties. Research Choice (Method): The way in which a researcher chooses to combine the qualitative and quantitative techniques and procedures is said to be research choice. Research choice can also be said as research design. Research choice is categorise in two types: Mono and multiple method. Mono type method is that in which we use single data collection technique and corresponding analysis procedures. Whereas, multiple method is that in which more than one type of data collection technique and analysis procedures are used. In business research, mostly multiple methods is used for the combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques and procedures as well as for primary and secondary data. (Saunders, et.al, 2009, p, 151) Multiple methods are further categorized into Multi methods and Mixed methods. Multi method is a term refers to those mixtures where associated analysis techniques use more than one data collection technique, but this method is limited within either a qualitative or quantitative world view (Tashakkori and Teddlie, 2003). My business research will reflect multi method qualitative research studies in which I will collect my data while using qualitative technique which is interviews. As my data is qualitative so I will analysis it by using qualitative procedure. Time horizon There are generally two time horizons for the research strategy. The one is cross sectional, in which the study of particular phenomenon (or phenomena) is conducted at particular time period. And the other is longitudinal studies which is, as stated by Saunders, et al(2009), a series of snapshots and also said to be a diary that involves repeated observations of the same items over long periods of time often many decades.For my research project, the limited time period is provided and according to specific time period, I will consider cross sectional studies in which I will take a snapshot of Information technology in the work place. Data Collection Procedures I will use different categories of procedures for my research. To achieve the research aim, a mixed method qualitative approach will be adopted. Primary Data The primary research is that when source is an original document containing firsthand information about a topic. For e.g. Diaries, Interviews, Letters, Original works of art, Photographs, Works of literature. I will be collecting my primary data by interviewing with different people working in different places. According to Zikmud (2003)),Interview is the method of collecting information through face to face contact with the individuals. Interviewing: I will collect my primary data by interviewing personnels from different people working in different workplaces such as banks, hospitals, offices, educational sectors retail business, industries, etc. An interview is a powerful discussion between two or more people (Kahn and cannel, 1957). The use of interviews can help to gather valid and reliable data that are relevant to research questions and objectives (Saunders. M, et al, 2007). Interviews are associated with the positivist and phenomenological methods. They are the methods of collecting data in which selected participants are asked questions in order to find out what they do, think or feel(Collis, J. and Hussey, R., 2003). Interviews make it easy to compare answers and may be face to face, voice to voice or screen to screen; conducted with individuals or a group of individuals (Collis, J. and Hussey, R., 2003). Interviews may be highly formalized and structured or they may be informal and unstructured. In between there are int ermediate positions. One typology that is commonly used is thus related to the level of formality and structure, whereby interviews may be categorized as one of: structured interviews, semi structured interviews, unstructured or in depth interviews (Saunders. M, et al, 2007). I will conduct semi structured interview in which I will have a list of all the questions to be covered during interview. Semi structured interviews are non standardised and are often referred to as qualitative research interviews. Although the response may be vary from interview to interview. I may also omit or add some questions according to the flow of conversation. The major advantage of this strategy is that with the more natural discussion the greater detail and variety can be provided by respondents. I will consider the individuals from any firms, organisations (Governmental and Non for profit), Banks and other places which are located in Middlesbrough. I will conduct face to face interviews from individuals and take the notes of the responses which are given by respondent. In these interviews I will ask them that what latest technologies they are using in their workplace and what are the benefits or drawbacks of technological advancement. How these technologies are making the workplace better from the previous time. Secondary Data: Secondary research is that when someone else has collected the data and the researcher interprets and analyses primary sources. Secondary data included both raw and published summaries (Saunders. M, et al, 2007). Secondary data include both qualitative and quantitative data and they are used principally in both descriptive and explanatory research. When secondary data is used, it is easy to build the research on the past collected information of business knowledge which is gathered by others experiences. The advantage of using secondary data is that it can be obtained rapidly and is less expensive as compared to collect primary data (Zikmund, 2003). In contrast, some disadvantage of secondary data is that they were not designed specifically to meet the researchers need and user has no control over their accuracy, they may also be inaccurate. Different researchers have generated a variety of classifications for the secondary data. These classifications do not; however capture the full variety of data. The three main sub groups are created for secondary data, which are documentary data, survey based data and those compiled from multiples sources (Saunders. M, et al. 2007). The secondary data which I am collecting in my research is compiled from multiple sources. The most important characteristic of secondary sources is that they offer an interpretation of information gathered from primary sources. For e.g. Dissertations, Indexes, Abstracts, Bibliographies, Journal Articles, books, Newspaper, Internet. Research ethics: Ethics are moral principles, norms or standards of behaviour that guide moral choices about behaviours and relationships with others. In business research, ethical issues come to the fore whenever a conflict arises between the desire to conduct research that meets the highest quality standards or the request of the sponsor on the one hand, and societal values like, say, privacy, freedom and honesty on the other (Blumberg, B. et al, 2008). Ethics is the study of the right behaviour and address the questions of how to conduct research in a moral and responsible way (Blumberg, B., 2008). Ethics is also said to be, the appropriateness of the researchers behavior in relation to the rights of those who become the subject of a research project, or who are affected by it ( Saunders. M, et al, 2007). In most research situations, three parties are involved: the researcher, the sponsoring client (user), and the respondent (subject)(Zikmund. 2003). Within business and management research, there are two dominant philosophical standpoints: deontology and teleology (Saunders. M, et al, 2007). The deontological view argues that the ends served by the research can never justify the use of research which is unethical. In contrast, the teleological view argues that the ends served by your research justify the means. Consequently, the benefits of your research findings would be weighed against the costs of acting unethically. This approach has an added complication as you also need to consider whether the benefits of the research are morally just (Saunders. M, et al, 2007). When ethics are discussed in research design, the first priority is to protect the right of the participant, respondent or subject. Whether data are gathered in an experiment, interview, observation or survey, the respondent has many rights to be safeguarded (Blumberg, B. et al, 2008). In general, the research must be designed so a respondent does not suffer physical harm, discomfort, pain, embarrassment or loss of privacy (Blumberg, B. et al, 2008). To safeguard these things, I will follow three guidelines, first I will explain the benefits of the study then I will explain the participants rights and protection and in the last I will obtain secure informed consent.